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Is Fortnite Addiction for Real?

10/19/2018

29 Comments

 
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by David Hagenbuch, founder of Mindful Marketing & author of Honorable Influence

Alcohol, gambling, opioids:  Out-of-control consumption of such things has upended the lives of many.  Now some are arguing for an unlikely addition to the list of harmful obsessions—Fortnite.  The wildly popular video game does seem like a compulsion for some, but does its play really rise to the level of addiction, and if so, who’s responsible?
 
If you’re like me--
one of the few human beings who has never played Fortnite--you’re probably wondering what all the fuss is about:  why 3.4 million people were all online at once playing the game one day during February 2018, why celebrity rappers like Drake and NBA stars like Paul George are promoting the craze, why an upcoming Fortnite tournament is promising $100 million in prize money, why the game is expected to produce revenues of $2 billion in 2018, and why some call Fortnite “the hottest game in the world.”
 
For those who don’t know, Fortnite is a shooter game based on a premise similar to that of the Hunger Games:  “Players are dropped unarmed onto an island. There, they must make their way to ‘houses,’ where they find weapons they then use to shoot and kill, they build structures and try to avoid the destructive storm that threatens all outside its safe zone.”  The winner is the last man/woman standing.
 
Apparently the most popular version of Fortnite is the multiplayer “Battle Royale” in which 100 people compete against each other at a time, either individually or on teams of up to four people.  The game is free to play on systems like PlayStation, as well as on computers and mobile phones.  Fortnite makes money by charging for in-game extras like costumes and special tools or weapons.
 
Few entrepreneurs worry about their products becoming addictive.  In the beginning, they’re just hoping some people will be intrigued enough to try their products.  The thought that anyone, let alone millions of people, would find his games impossible to put down, had to have been one of the furthest things from the mind of Tim Sweeney, creator of Fortnite and the CEO of Epic Games.  Sweeney started his video game company, originally called Potomac Computer Systems, in 1991, at the age of 21, in his parent’s house in Potomac, MD.  Epic Games is now one of the industry’s brightest stars.
 
However, phenomenal growth and popularity are not alone grounds for accusations of addiction.  So, what are Fortnite players experiencing that leads some to levy such extreme charges?  Here are a few examples:
  • A mother reported that her son stole her credit cards and spent $200 on in-game purchases.
  • A father found his nine-year-old daughter sitting in a urine-soaked chair as she played the game.  He said “She was so hooked to the game she wouldn’t even go to the toilet.”
  • A mother forced her son to stop playing the game at 11:00 pm on a Friday night, only for him to wake up at 4:00 or 5:00 am Saturday to start playing again.
  • A mother suffered a concussion when her fourteen-year-old son headbutted her when she tried to take away the gaming system on which he played Fortnite.
  • At least 200 couples in the UK cited Fortnite and other online games as the reason for their divorces.
                                                              
Such behavior certainly is unusual and disturbing, but does it  really reflect addiction?  To answer that question it’s important to understand exactly what addiction is.  In the early 1950s, the World Health Organization adopted the following definition of drug addiction:  “a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society, produced by the repeated consumption of a drug (natural or synthetic).  From this definition, Isbell and White (1953) derived three characteristics of addiction:
  • "An overpowering desire or need (compulsion) to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means"
  • "A tendency to increase the dose"
  • "A psychic (psychological) and sometimes a physical dependence on the effects of the drug"
 
Of course, these descriptors are for chemical substances that people typically ingest, not video games they play; however, when Fortnite is substituted into the phrases, the criteria provide an eerily good fit for the shocking behaviors listed above:
  • An overpowering desire or need (compulsion) to continue to play Fortnite and to obtain the game by any means  [stealing mother’s credit cards]
  • A tendency to increase play of Fortnite  [waking up at 4:00 or 5:00 am in order to play more]
  • A psychic (psychological) and sometimes a physical dependence on the effects of Fortnite  [headbutting mom when she tried to take the game away]
 
Isbell and White (1953) add that addiction is inherently about excessive, not proper, use of the substance, resulting in harm to the addict and/or others.  That's another description that seems to fit the five Fortnite cases described above, like the divorces, but it also begs another important question: How common are such Fortnite occurrences?
 
In researching online for this blog post, I typed “Fortnite addiction” into Google, which produced around 68 million hits.  As I read down the list of top results, however, I noticed that most were repeats of the same few stories: the girl who wouldn’t take a bathroom break, the boy who headbutted his mom, the UK divorces.
 
Chances are, the few Fortnite fanatics who show signs of addiction are anomalies.  According to Business Insider 78.3 million people played Fortnite this past August.  Among all those Fortnite fans, many probably play the game more than they should, but very few are likely addicted in any scientific sense.  Contrast those proportions to statistics for drug and gambling addictions like the following:
  • In 2015, nearly 21 million Americans over the age of 12 had a substance use problem.
  • About 10% of Americans over the age of 18 “claim to be in recovery from an alcohol or drug abuse issue.”
  • The leading cause of accidental death in the United States is drug overdose.
  • “Approximately 2.6% of the U.S. population has some type of gambling issue.”
  • Among those aged 14 to 21, as many as 750,000 have gambling addictions.
  • About 6% of U.S. college students have gambling problems.
 
Beyond those sobering statistics, another drug stat pretty much says it all:  “Out of 24 million Americans who have used illicit drugs in the preceding month, 19.6 million [81.7%] have had a substance abuse disorder in the preceding year.”  It’s very telling of the addictive nature of illicit drugs that only about 18% of users escape drug abuse.

There are no comparable statistics for Fortnite, but it appears that a much smaller percentage of its players show signs of addiction.  Of course, this lack of evidence doesn’t prove that people cannot become addicted to Fortnite;  maybe they can.  However, when a very large number of people is exposed to a stimulus such as a video game and an extremely small percentage exhibits addictive behavior, perhaps the abuse is more a function of those individuals and their unique situations, rather than the game itself.
 
Everyone needs to be accountable for their time and to use self-discipline to set limits on activities that they find so enjoyable they can become lost in them, e.g., televised sporting events, Netflix, YouTube, Facebook, etc.  Parents have the added responsibility of holding their children accountable, which is especially difficult when the kids really don’t want to put down the thing they love.
 
However, companies also can do things to discourage overindulgence in their own products.  For instance, a few months ago, I wrote a blog post about iPhone addiction, describing Apple’s Digital Health Initiative, which includes new software that will monitor and set limits on users’ screen time.
 
Maybe Epic Games could consider a similar measure.  The company should at least make sure there’s nothing in Fortnite that encourages people to shirk self-monitoring, e.g., in-game incentives tied to how long one has been playing.  Again, I’ve not played Fortnite, so it’s hard for me to be more prescriptive.  Perhaps those who are familiar with the game firsthand can offer more specific suggestions about limiting use.
 
Finally, it goes without saying that a ‘shooter game’ is violent.  I’ve read, however, that Fortnite “isn’t as graphic as many other shooter games” because its characters are more “cartoony” and “its graphics are free of blood and gore.”  Still, any activity that glamorizes killing others should give us pause.  That aspect of the game, however, will need to be the focus of a future blog post.
 
As you can probably tell, I’m neither a big Fortnite fan or cynic.  As I’ve tried to look objectively at the issue of video game addiction, I haven’t seen enough evidence to suggest that Fortnite itself is enabling abuse, certainly not compared to other activities commonly called addictive.  For these reasons, it seems like Fortnite is a tenuous version of “Mindful Marketing.”


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29 Comments
Nicholas Rumer link
11/2/2018 12:25:10 am

I really like that you addressed the societal issue that Fortnite has been a catalyst to. Not only this game, but many other games as well have created an apathetic mindset and hindered relationships, and many people ignore the issues that it is creating. More people should take a stance against the addiction to video gaming and social media. We are coming less and less interpersonal and nothing will change unless people continually take stances against these kinds of issues.

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Jessica Danner
11/2/2018 12:57:45 am

I also have never played Fortnite but I have heard of the new obsession of millions of people. I agree that there is not a real addiction that goes a long with the video game because only a handful of people have displayed any signs of addiction. I think that the people who are having episodes that reflect addiction are people who have addictive personalities. I think these few people who have gotten addicted to Fortnite will also experience addictions to other things.

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Zachary Ayers
11/2/2018 03:19:58 pm

I really appreciate hearing from you what felt like a fair representation of both sides to the story. Naturally anything as widely used like Fortnite, will eventually come up with a few interesting anecdotes that are quite concerning. But that isn’t necessarily proof of it being a menace to society. Compared to its peers, it does seem Fortnite is the most ‘mild’ in ways of graphic content. I also have seen firsthand how positively impactful the fortnight streaming community can be and believe that in some instances, Fortnite is making the world a better place.

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Hunter Greene
11/4/2018 08:46:25 pm

I have participated in the Fortnite craze at one point this year and it only lasted a couple months at most for me. What is so addicting about the game is that it has the potential to have a different result every single game since the loot crates players open are RNG (random number generated) and anyone can get lucky with a "good gun". The feeling of winning a game is also an addicting feeling, so players continue to play hoping they can experience that feeling. The reason why it is such a big epidemic is because it is free! Anyone can play it on any gaming platform and since it is free, why not play with all your friends? I think some people do experience addiction, but only if they have addictive personalities. Others will play it alone or with friends for hours on end because they are having fun and love the aspects of the game that keep the player interested. Fortnite also is smart and keeps people engaged by adding new content consistently.

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Hannah Reagan
11/5/2018 01:05:32 am

I think this article does a really good job of giving facts and also fairly looking at some of the effects of video games, especially one like Fortnite that seemed to blow up overnight, quickly becoming the world’s new obsession. Just like anything else, there are a few bizarre examples of people who have taken it too far, and this article acknowledges that, coming to the conclusion that Fortnite has been mindfully marketed. It is a free, fun game that allows players to connect with friends and others.

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John Rizkallah
11/5/2018 02:38:22 am

As someone who has played Fortnite alot, I can understand what the hype is all about. It is a really fun game that can be addictive because after every game, you always want to play one more. However I do think the craze will be extinguished at some point in the near future. I know this because the same games that people were "addicted" to in the past, have been left untouched on the shelves. There is always something new and something better to play. I do think that companies like Epic Games should take in account the effect they have on kids. I think Fortnite should limit the amount of games one can play in a day or put up messages that tell people to turn off the game and go outside. Maybe adding achievements that consist of some physical activity would help. These games can seriously harm future generations as it makes them dependent on staying inside and playing a game all day long.

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Grace L
11/5/2018 03:06:30 am

I appreciate the definition of the addiction that is included in this article. The term is definitely being attached to more and more activities these days (most often in regard to social media/technology). The overuse of a phrase often lessens the original meaning of the word.
That being said, I'm sure if a true addiction to the game exists, it is likely one that will not last forever. Though it is impossible to know for sure, based on the results of games that have come and gone (i.e. Pokemon Go, Flappy Bird, Angry Birds, etc.) the initial craze will die down.

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Jonathan Gillespie
11/5/2018 03:40:21 am

Something I find very interesting whenever a topic like this comes up is how narrow the field of being addicted to something is considered. This article focuses purely on Fortnite, one single game. Normally, I see this argument just posted around video games in general. Granted, this article is a response to others judging specifically Fortnite. However, the mass media uses these kind of words and whatnot as a scare-tactic in their sound bytes. If someone is addicted to video games, there's a very high probability that it really isn't the video game's fault. They have a lot of other problems that are manifesting themselves in their overconsumption of media.

Overall a very well-structured and fair, objective view of the discussion.

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Emmett Lee
11/5/2018 06:47:21 am

As I read through the article I can't say that I was entirely surprised by both sides of the argument. Growing up in this age there have always been different views on our generations addiction to content. I think that it is fair to say that it is addictive, but also that it isn't the first thing to do so in the history of mankind. I think that this article did a good job of pointing out that parents can't just point their fingers at one cause, and that Epic is most definitely being mindful based on the scale.

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Zachary Summach
11/5/2018 01:58:51 pm

While its extremely high replayability is enticing, especially for a free-to-play multiplayer game, Fortnite was not enticing enough for me to come back to after about two weeks of consistent play with friends. And yet, it is likely I would still have been called an 'addict' under the defenition that many adhere to for such topics. At times there was indeed an urge to get back into the game and keep playing for hours on end, frustration when social obligations and/or responsibilities took me away from the game, etc.; however, I do not feel as though I was ever addicted to the game. My emotions were entirely manageable and never interferred with my functioning as an adult or student. Would calling me an addict still then be appropriate? The way I see it with topics like this is that just because you check some (or all) of the boxes, doesn't mean that you are indeed that thing. False positives exist in this world and when we fail to identify them it cheapens the impact of an actual diagnosis. Calling anyone and everyone an addict for playing video game for two hours is a slap in the face for people who actually struggle with addiction. Find a child that is eating an ice cream cone and take it away from them. When they are frustrated/sad because you took away the thing they want (the thing they were enjoying), are they an addict? Not likely. If the child throws a massive tantrum are they then an addict? Possibly, but they are more likely lacking emotional intelligence and can't handle their emotions. I will never deny that people can be and are addicted to video games, but I will always raise the question of whether or not they are actually an addict or if we are reading the situation wrong.

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Brenden Conrad
11/5/2018 04:38:44 pm

I believe addiction to video games is a grey area in terms of definition. People's reasoning for playing continuous hours of a single game range from need to escape reality to serious dependence on said game. To pinpoint and have ability to describe an addiction to a video game is a very tough task. Nonetheless, I found the examples the author used were absolutely horrific. The little girl not taking a bathroom break is absurd. The boy head butting his mom is outrageous. Now, in these cases, a lot can be done by the ones close to the individual playing "too much" of the game. I would like to see parents be more strict with the children, taking the device away when the child is asleep. The parents do have a lot of control over how much time is spent on a device. Things in that nature can be educated on and discussed in a brighter light.

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Elle Verbarg
11/5/2018 06:12:50 pm

As I was reading through this article, I was really shocked with the statistics of drug addiction, alcohol addiction, and gambling addictions in within the last few years. It was interesting to learn that 78.3 million people played Fortnite this past August, but I can't say that I am surprised. I have never played Fortnite but am aware of the latest obsession with the video game. The stories the author provided about how kids were behaving while playing the video games were horrific. I think the parents should have more control over the situation.

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Thomas Elms
11/5/2018 11:36:04 pm

This article could not have come at a more perfect time. This topic is on the top of all of my friends minds right now because they themselves have begin to realize that even for them, this has come to a point where they almost call it an addiction. It is interesting that you said that most product, service, or in this case, game developers never see people growing addicted to their products, because I think that the people who become addicted themselves never really see it coming. At first, Fortnite was a game that you just played with your friends when you had nothing else to do, but as the days went by, my friends began to play when they did have things to do, and that is when the addiction silently began to creep up on them. Gaming addiction is something that has never really been talked about until these past 3-5 years, and it is something that needs to be researched in much more depth because it is tremendously affecting our society as a whole, not just in the U.S, but around the world.

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Jackson Collins
11/6/2018 12:14:53 am

I think so often we as a society treat addiction as only relating to drugs and alcohol, but in reality in can relate to numerous things, such as Fortnite. However, I think it is also important for parents to be in control of their children when it comes to playing Fortnite, that way the so called Fortnite addiction, whether it be true or not, can be limited. Parents can set strict limits on when their children can play, and need to remind them that being able to play video games is a privilege that can be taken away.

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Samantha Lee
11/6/2018 01:31:10 am

It is crazy how addiction works through many different areas not including drugs, alcohol, and gambling. The addiction to videogames are slightly prevalent and Fortnite is just one of them because of the small percentage who exhibits an addictive and abusive behavior. I also think that instilling good self-discipline into children at a young age would prevent such addiction as well as having a discerning mind and heart about certain issues and topics. I feel like it is also on the parents job to do this as well as the teen or child to practice this. Yes, there will be difficulty in trying to pull back from something you love to do or play, but I believe that it would keep things more peaceful. As it is a shooting game, it does bring shooting into the light more, but I would say at least the graphics are more cartoon-like rather than real life.

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Ethan Steele
11/6/2018 01:31:30 am

I think that when claiming anything can be an actual addiction, it is important to analyze whether the item or action in question causes a similar physiological reaction as other addictive substances or actions, such as drugs or gambling. The (very simplified) reason that these things cause addiction is that they release dopamine. Fortnite actually has a very similar set-up as most gambling games, with a low chance of winning, and with every loss inciting a desire to spend more time in the game.

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Trisha Chiu
11/6/2018 01:34:52 am

Wow, this was so interesting to read. I am like you, I don't know too much about this game or the reason why people can be so attached or addicted to it. This article was so well described when reading and also easy to follow along. I wasn't too confused on what it was talking about even for someone who didn't know much about the topic. Another thing that I found interesting was the part about defining the word addicted because I think there are many of ways to describe addictions. And I don't know what it is in this game that makes it so addicting. I've heard from people that play it that it's frustrating to play and loose so, they want to play again and do better than they did the last time. But to me, because I'm not into that, that just sounds boring and tiring. Great article

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Bryan Zumbek
11/6/2018 01:36:42 am

I find this article especially interesting, as a male youth who grew up in the real rise of the video game industry. I think that when you look at statistics, people can try to make eerily similar contrasts between substance addictions (alcohol, drugs, etc) and a video game, like Fortnite. However, I find accusations and claims of this magnitude to be a stretch. I think it is more about learning, as a society, to adjust to a new found craze. For example, my parents limited the amount of time I was allowed to spend on electronics and with video games as a youth. However, when I got older and this time restraint was no longer in place, there were times that I found myself spending an absurd amount of time playing video games. I even showed some of the signs that are quoted in this article (such as waking up early to get more time to play). However, I would never say that I had an unhealthy "addiction". This is murking the line between something someone enjoys, and that of a cancerous addiction that they can not help.

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Daniel Pattison
11/6/2018 02:02:00 am

Fortnite is a game that has the ability of getting someone hooked. However would not compare the game to drugs. Yes, people may play the game for hours on end, but it is easy to stop and go take care of your responsibilities. Also drugs can be a problem for the rest of you life when Fortnite might be a time consumer for a couple of weeks/month/years. I will agree that the game can attract players to spending long periods of time and crave to go play another game when the get home after a day of school, work or something of the sort.

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Micah Tarr
11/6/2018 02:18:59 am

Personally, I don't think video games can cause an addiction such as drugs and alcohol do. This is because substance abuse alters physical reality by making the user feel like they are outside of reality. It gives a feeling that is not normally there, where as a game such as Fortnite is simply a game. Some may argue that it gives the user a feeling of being outside of reality, but the user is still completely in control of their actions in a sober sense. I even played Fortnite for a while and while I enjoyed it, it quickly lost my interest. There is always going to be another game or new technology to replace the old. This I think keeps something like video games from becoming an addiction. An alcoholic will probably need outside influence to help them quit drinking, but a video game "addict" will most likely just lose interest eventually.

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Yaedam Shin link
11/6/2018 02:52:39 am

Fortnite can indeed be seen as a game that has addiction. The fact that Fortnite is a free accessible game on gaming consoles makes it more open for people to try it out and fall into it. The thing that makes it more addicting is the in game purchases that could be made, the example of the son using the mother's money to buy the in game purchases is something that reflects the addiction to the game. The recent surge of popularity of the game has shown how the power of multiplaying and online gaming has in the gaming world.

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Curtis
12/12/2018 04:18:33 pm

Fortnite is definitely an addictive video game. It currently has nearly 80 million players world wide on various gaming platforms, and its only been a little over a year since its release of the "Battle Royal" game mode. It think its addicted because a lot of the stuff is based on things similar to gambling or poker. For example, just like cards are randomly dealt In poker, the weapons you received are completely randomized regardless of where you land or what chest you search. Then like Poker, you have to use the "cards: (weapons) you are dealt against players that may or may not have better stuff. Another notable part of gambling is that feeling you receive when you come so close to wining. For example, in Black Jack, players need to get as close to 21 without going over. The closer you get to 21, the more exciting it is to ask for a "hit." If you get close or go over, most people will play it again simply based on how close they got and assume the next round will be in their favor. This is similar in fort nite. Once you get a top 5 or even top 10 placement, you want to go back and pay it again because you came so close to getting that victory Royale. Also, parents are now sending their children to fort nite rehab because they are too addicted to it. Now this may reflect more on poor parenting rather than addiction but still goes to show the game has a very addictive aspect to it.

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Michael Williams
1/14/2019 01:02:19 am

I believe that video games, like most things, can be addictive. There is a balance for everything in life and you can push the limits of practically anything and it can be an addiction, so it is no surprise that video games can be shown as an addiction because they are fun and can be social and what not. Fortnite hit the gaming scene out of nowhere and people got hooked quickly because of the difference in gameplay. There was a similar game that came before it called Player's Unknown Battlegrounds (PUBG) that was a battle royale type of game, but Fortnite got bigger because the developers actually cared about the game and gave the players what they wanted in the game. Fortnite also added different skins, emotes, and just random funny things in the game that appealed to all different players. I think that the game is a fun game, but you have to know how to control yourself when playing. Maybe Epic Games could do something differently in making sure the players weren't getting addicted to the game and could be more mindful in their process of selling their product. I would say that Epic Games and Fortnite are on the line of mindful and single-minded because Epic Games do care about the players but also want to sell their product, and maybe could hold back on products a little bit since they did make $3 billion in 2018.

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StressOutDad
2/15/2019 04:43:39 pm

My 9yo son, extremely ADHD and likely with an addictive personality, has lost interest in baseball, basketball, fishing, all outside activities for the most part, in order to play Fortnite. He hates leaving the house to do anything. The xBox is my teenage son's, which he rarely plays. We will be getting rid of the xBox soon. I see no other option. I would not have booze on the counter if my son was an alcoholic. We can't handle Fortnite.

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Lacey Reynish
11/5/2019 09:06:18 pm

I can totally see that Fortnight is an addiction. Like any hobby or activity, if you hyper obsess over it and constantly think about it or crave it, it is an addiction. It does not need to be drugs or alcohol for it an addiction. I have family members who play this game as often as they possibly can and even when they aren't able to play, they are watching other players pay. It truly is a great game if used in a healthy way.

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12/27/2019 10:45:33 pm

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Jonah Libby
9/14/2022 04:44:44 pm

I think this is a great topic to discuss because although it can't really be compared to an addiction with drugs. As someone who was a teenager at the time Fortnite was released and played it often with my friends I wouldn't say I was addicted but also did play for hours at a time which meant late nights and early mornings like a mother who you referred to who said her son got off late and started at 5 in the morning. Although I did not experience an addiction compared to as people say they are to drugs. I was attached to the game but I would agree that it is an addictive game but not compared to a drug addiction.

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